tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3092086276067851642024-02-09T00:06:00.611+08:00之無筆言查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.comBlogger347125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-77938404984897800492020-07-29T18:30:00.002+08:002020-07-30T14:01:30.698+08:00「混合樣本」檢測加快篩檢<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">近日第三波新冠肺炎疫情爆發</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">連續多日每天都增加超過</span>100<span lang="ZH-TW">宗</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">每區都有新增病例</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">「梗有一單喺左近」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">為求安心</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">一般市民都希望能有全民檢測</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">盡早知道自己或家人有沒有受感染。但現時可能有大量樣本積壓</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">一般起碼需要三天才有結果。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">在整個篩檢過程中</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">關鍵的步驟是在化驗的環節上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">收到多少個樣本</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就需要進行多少套化驗程序</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">無法減省</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">無法加快。
但其實可以在化驗的環節中使用</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">「混合樣本」</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">可以減省</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">化驗程序</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">更早得到檢測結果。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">所謂</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">「混合樣本」</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">並不是新鮮事物</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">據說在第二次世界大戰時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">為了防止流行病在軍隊中互相感染</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">經常都要為軍人驗血和驗尿</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但在戰區中物質缺乏</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就將</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人的樣本混合在一起化驗</span>, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">如果結果是陰性</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">則</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人都是陰性</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">一次化驗</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">得到</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人的結果</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">這是最理想、最高效率的情況。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">如果混合樣本的結果是陽性</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">則表示起碼有一個人有病了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但不知道是誰。下一步是將</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人分為</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW">、</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">兩組</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">每組</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW">人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">再作</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">「混合樣本」化驗</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">如果</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW">組是陰性</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">則病人一定在</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">組中。再將</span>B<span lang="ZH-TW">組分為</span>B1<span lang="ZH-TW">、</span>B2</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">兩組</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">每組</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">再作</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">「混合樣本」化驗</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">如此類推</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">如果</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人之中只有一名病人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最快經過</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">個</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">化驗程序</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">最多亦只是</span>9<span lang="ZH-TW">個</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">而不是</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">個就能找到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">大大提高效率和節省資源。當然</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">這只是最理想的情況</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最壞的可能是</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人都全部有病</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">這種分組</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">「混合樣本」化驗</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">就需要</span>31<span lang="ZH-TW">個</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">化驗程序了</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">比個別化驗多一倍</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但考慮到得病率不是如此高</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">其實仍然是有著數。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">上述的二分法</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">並不是最有效率的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">如</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人都全部有病</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">較有效率的做法</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是當</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">人的混合樣本的結果是陽性時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">下一步就個別做化驗</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最多只是</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">17<span lang="ZH-TW">個</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">化驗程序而已。除此之外</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">以</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW">為一組的</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="ZH-TW">混合樣本</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">也未必是最理想</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">這要視乎得病率而定。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">若用此法</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">假定需要接受檢測的人數為</span>N, <span lang="ZH-TW">得病率是</span>P, <span lang="ZH-TW">一個混合樣本中最高效率的樣本數目是</span>S, <span lang="ZH-TW">那麼全部混合樣本的數目 </span>= N /
S, <span lang="ZH-TW">受感染的人數是 </span>NxP, <span lang="ZH-TW">假定最壞情況是每個混合樣本中只有一人受感染</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">因而需要的化驗程序是 </span>NxPx(S+1), <span lang="ZH-TW">而一個化驗程序定陰性的混合樣本數目是 </span>N / S – NxP, <span lang="ZH-TW">那麼</span>T<span lang="ZH-TW">是總共需要的化驗程序</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">是二者加起來</span>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>T = N /
S + NxPxS<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">視乎感染率或得病率</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">混合樣本中最高效率的樣本數目會有不同</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">以微積分很容易找出在感染率</span>P<span lang="ZH-TW">時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最高效率的</span>S <span lang="ZH-TW">的數值</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">筆者的初步分析在下列表中</span>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">感染率</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">P(%)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">混合樣本數目
</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">5
– 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">以香港需要全民</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">7,000,000<span lang="ZH-TW">人做檢測</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">若感染率是</span>1%, S <span lang="ZH-TW">是</span>10,
<span lang="ZH-TW">需要</span>1,400,000<span lang="ZH-TW">個化驗程序</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">若感染率是</span>5%, S <span lang="ZH-TW">是</span>4, <span lang="ZH-TW">則需要</span>3,150,000<span lang="ZH-TW">個</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">節省超過一半</span>; <span lang="ZH-TW">若真的是去到</span>10%,
<span lang="ZH-TW">也需要</span>4,440,000, <span lang="ZH-TW">節省超過三份之一以上。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">少些化驗程序</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">不單是節省資源</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">更重要的是更快得到檢測結果</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">更早阻斷傳染源頭。</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-84340831230474381352020-07-05T18:03:00.004+08:002020-07-05T18:03:59.860+08:00夏至、小暑與遠日點
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">明天</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是農曆二十四節氣中的小暑</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">小暑是夏至之後的第一個節氣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">兩者相差約十五天。有謂「小暑大暑</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">有米懶煮」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">小暑之時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最好是食西瓜、飲冬瓜水來消暑也。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">同時在夏至之後的約兩星期</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">地球運行到距離太陽最遠處</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">是為遠日點</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">昨天</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">黃昏的</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">時</span>11<span lang="ZH-TW">分</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">地球到達今年的遠日點。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">當地球處在遠日點時</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">距離太陽平均為</span>152,097,700<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">亦即是說</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">每年的距離都不一定一樣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">如今年的是</span>152,095,295<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">明年會比較遠</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是</span>152,100,527<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">三年後的</span>2023<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">則比較近的</span>152,093,251<span lang="ZH-TW">公里。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">不但距離會有些變化</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">遠日點的日子也會有差異</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">每年約在</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">日左右</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">但前後可有一、兩天的差異</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">如明年會在</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, 2023<span lang="ZH-TW">年更是在</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">日。造成這個變化的主因</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是環繞著地球運轉的月亮</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">雖然月球的重量只是地球的約</span>80<span lang="ZH-TW">份之一</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但在萬有引力之下</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">會令地球的重心不斷在環繞太陽的軌跡上變化著</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">而出現遠日點日子的差異。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">其實這一、兩天的小小差異</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">只是我們有限人生所見到的現象而已。據天文學家發現</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">約在公元</span>1246<span lang="ZH-TW">年的前後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">遠日點是在夏至日上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">之後約以每</span>58<span lang="ZH-TW">年向後移一天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">至今時今日的</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">日左右</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">因而推算約在</span>4500<span lang="ZH-TW">年之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">遠日點會出現在秋分</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">如是者</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">遠日點有可能出現在一年中的每一日上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">而以每</span>22000<span lang="ZH-TW">到</span>26000<span lang="ZH-TW">年為一個循環。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">話要說回來</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">雖然我們現時的一代人不會見到遠日點的大變化</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">但可以說我們是幸運的一代。試想地球有遠日點</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就會有相反的近日點</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">以現時來說</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是在每年</span>12<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>22<span lang="ZH-TW">日冬至之後約兩星期的</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">日左右</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">地球平均距離太陽約</span>147,100,000<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">因為較近</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">地球會比在遠日點時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">吸收多</span>7%<span lang="ZH-TW">來自太陽的熱力。</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">同時</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">在北半球的夏天時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">太陽直照北半球</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">從世界地圖上可以看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">北半球的陸地遠比南半球多</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">而陸地又比海洋能吸收更多的熱量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">所以北半球夏天的溫度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">平均要比南半球的高約</span>2.3<span lang="ZH-TW">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">這已是因為遠日點在北半球的夏天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">試想如果近日點是在北半球的夏天</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">會多</span>7%<span lang="ZH-TW">來自太陽的熱量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">北半球將會更熱</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">相反</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">遠日點在南半球的冬天時將會更冷</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">令地球出時更極端天氣的現象。所以</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">現時遠日點在夏至之後的約兩星期</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">已不算太壞了吧。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-75899063819887530242020-06-21T16:10:00.003+08:002020-06-21T16:10:59.965+08:00夏至適逢日環蝕
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">今天除了是今年的父親節之外</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">亦是二十四節氣中的夏至</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">更重要的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是在中國的西南至東南部份</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">可以觀看到日環蝕。筆者早已在兩年前的</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">在另文中提到過今次的日環蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">福建的厦門是其中一個最理想的觀看地點</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">有朋亦早已計劃了觀看的行程</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">可惜基於現實情況</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">不能成行。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">今天的日環蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">是從<span style="background: white; color: black;">非</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">洲剛果的當地時間早上</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">05:43<span lang="ZH-TW">開始</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">橫越中</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">非、中東、巴基斯坦、印度北部</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">約在香港時間</span>12:57<span lang="ZH-TW">進入西藏</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">然後橫越</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">中國的西南至東南部份</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">約在下午</span>14:44<span lang="ZH-TW">到達厦門出現初蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">約在下午</span>16:10<span lang="ZH-TW">出現全日環蝕</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">到下午</span>17:22<span lang="ZH-TW">完全結束。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">另一個理想觀看地點是台灣的台中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">整個過程從下午</span>14:49
<span lang="ZH-TW">到</span>17:25<span lang="ZH-TW">出現</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">之後日環蝕進入西太平洋的無人地帶而結束。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">我們在香港雖然看不到日環蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">但仍然可以在下午</span>14:37
<span lang="ZH-TW">到 </span>17:24<span lang="ZH-TW">看到日</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">偏</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">食</span><span style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">蝕最深時約在下午</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">16:08<span lang="ZH-TW">出現。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">錯過了今次在中國境內能看到的日環蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">就要等到</span>2034<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW">日的日全蝕了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但出現的地方卻是在<span style="background: white; color: black;">西藏和青海的上空</span></span><span style="background: white; color: black;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">因為地理和環境的關係</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">相信亦會十分困難前往觀看。</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: black;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">回頭看看今天是夏至</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">是一年中日最長、夜最短的日了</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">在香港的日出時間是早上</span>05:40, <span lang="ZH-TW">日落是黃昏</span>19:10, <span lang="ZH-TW">相差</span>13<span lang="ZH-TW">小時</span>30<span lang="ZH-TW">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是全年的日最長。但有趣的是</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">今天夏至的日出不是最早</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">日落也不是最遲。比</span>05:40<span lang="ZH-TW">更早的日出</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是從</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW">日至</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>14<span lang="ZH-TW">日的</span>05:38, <span lang="ZH-TW">而比</span>19:10<span lang="ZH-TW">更遲的日落</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是從</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>26<span lang="ZH-TW">日至</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>10<span lang="ZH-TW">日的</span>19:11<span lang="ZH-TW">。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">為何有兩個星期</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">日落時間都會是</span>19:11<span lang="ZH-TW">呢</span>? <span lang="ZH-TW">這是因為</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif;">地球繞著太陽運行的軌跡</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">是略為不對稱的橢圓形。因太陽對地球引力的影響</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">在每年的一月時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">地球較為接近太陽</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">運行得略為快</span>; <span lang="ZH-TW">相反地在七月時距離太陽較遠</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">運行得略為慢 一點。以今年為例</span>, 1<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">日是地球最接近太陽</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">而</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">日則離太陽最遠</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">所以在此日之前後幾天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">日出與日落的時間變化不大了。</span></span><br />
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-91708786933048122942020-04-12T14:42:00.003+08:002020-04-12T14:42:35.905+08:00「復活節」日子的「定律」
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">今天是復活節</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">朋友們普遍都表示</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">如果不是因為疫情</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">這個假期是一年之中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最佳與家人外遊的機會</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">加上前星期是清明節</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">上班一族們只需拿幾天的年假</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就可享受十天的長假期</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">好好充電。我告訴他們</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">不用太介意</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">明年</span>2021<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">復活節與清明節也有類似的組合</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">與今年所不同的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">是剛好相反</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">復活節會在清明節的前一星期。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">問題來了</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">因為清明節是農曆二十四節氣之一</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">所以每年都是在</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">只是在四年一次的閏年時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">才會如今年一樣在</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">日。但是復活節的日子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">則是年年不同</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">好像是沒有規律。現時因為有電腦程式、手機</span>App<span lang="ZH-TW">等電子版萬年曆</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">可以預知以後多年的假期</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">不如二、三十年前</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">在年尾時要等到下一年的日曆出版後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">才能計劃新一年的假期。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">復活節的日子</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">好像是沒有「規律」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但其實是有一個很簡單的「定律」</span>: </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">春分當日或之後的第一個月圓之後的星期日</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">就是復活節。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">「定律」看來很簡單</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">最簡單的部份</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是復活節一定是在</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">星期日</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">但組合起來 就十分變化多端了。</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">首先是春分</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">每年都是在</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>21<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">在四年一次的閏年時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">則在</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW">日。</span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">第二是「月圓」。如果以農曆來看</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">可以簡單地以「十五」視為月圓之夜</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">但這只是一個粗略的計算</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">很多時候</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">「月圓」其實是在「十四」或「十六」。如果月圓」在「十四」而剛好在星期六</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">「十五」在</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">星期日</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">會誤把<span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">復活節算定遲了一個星期。相反地</span></span><span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">如果月圓」在「十六」而在星期日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">「十五」在</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW">星期六</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">又會把<span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">復活節定早了一個星期。所以實際上的計算法</span></span><span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">還是根據天文學計算出的「月圓」時間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">來決定復活節的日子。</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;"><span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">就是這個簡單的「定律」</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">在由</span>1900<span lang="ZH-TW">年到</span>2100<span lang="ZH-TW">年的</span>200<span lang="ZH-TW">年中</span>,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU;">復活節的日子<span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">都沒出現過「疑似」的規律。不過</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">復活節的日子雖然飄忽不定</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但根據天文學的計算</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最早會在</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>22<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最遲會在</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>25<span lang="ZH-TW">日。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">最早的</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>22<span lang="ZH-TW">日的復活節</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">我們現存在世的人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">兩次都無緣經歷</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">上一次是在</span>1818<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">下一次則要到</span>2285<span lang="ZH-TW">年了。因為兩次都不是閏年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">春分一定是在</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>21<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是月圓</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">又是星期六</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">所以翌日</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>22<span lang="ZH-TW">日星期日才是復活節。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">與最早的復活節不同</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">最遲的復活節上一次是在</span>1943<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">雖然是在第二次世界大戰期間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但相信不少曾經歷的人都仍在世上;而下一次的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">更相信我們絕大部份人都有機會經歷到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就是在不太遠的</span>2038<span lang="ZH-TW">年了。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">個人曾經歷過最有趣的復活節與清明節的組合</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">是在</span>1988<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">復活節是在</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">翌日</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">日星期一也是假期</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但因為那年是閏年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">清明節也是有</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">日星期一</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">所以</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">日星期二補假一天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">形成罕有的連續</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW">天公眾假期</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">當年利用該罕有機會作短線出遊者甚眾</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">在</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW">日星期五那天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">即復活節假期的開始</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">在當年的啟德機場內簡直人山人海</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">水洩不通。</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">此罕有機會</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">可一不可再</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">最接近的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是在</span>2023<span lang="ZH-TW">年和</span>2029<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但復活節與清明節還都要相隔一天。</span></span><br />
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-88501392441398034902020-04-07T16:10:00.000+08:002020-04-07T16:10:29.973+08:00今年的「超級月亮」
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">今天</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是農曆三月十五日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">不是甚麼節日或特別的日子</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">是如每個十五日的晚上一樣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是月圓之夜</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">但所不同者</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">是在今晚</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW">嚴格來說</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">是</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW">日的凌晨</span>0<span lang="ZH-TW">時</span>09<span lang="ZH-TW">分</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">農曆三月十六日的子時</span>),
<span lang="ZH-TW">出現今年的「超級月亮」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">那時是今年中月亮離我們的地球最近</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">距離是</span>356,913<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">亦即是我們見到今年中最大、最光的月亮。不過</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">大家能否看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">還是視乎今晚的天氣而定。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">月亮會是「時大時細」的嗎</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">? <span lang="ZH-TW">答案</span>:
<span lang="ZH-TW">「是」。原因有幾個。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">首先</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">, <span lang="ZH-TW">月亮環繞地球運行的</span></span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">軌道是一個稍微的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%AD%E5%9C%86" title="橢圓"><span lang="ZH-HK" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">橢圓</span></a></span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">形</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">, <span lang="ZH-HK">兩軸相差</span></span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">約</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">0.15%, <span lang="ZH-HK">加上</span></span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">地球不是在這</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%AD%E5%9C%86" title="橢圓"><span lang="ZH-HK" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">橢圓</span></a><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">的正中心</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,
<span lang="ZH-HK">那就令月球距離地球<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">「</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">時遠時近</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">」<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">。</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;"><span lang="ZH-HK"><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">第二是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">: </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">月球並不是「堅守崗位」的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">, <span lang="ZH-TW">他的運行</span></span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">軌道是</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">不斷的隨著月球環繞地球的方向而轉動</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">, <span lang="ZH-TW">但也有一個規律</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就是約每隔</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>310<span lang="ZH-TW">日會「返回原位」一次。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">還有</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">月球環繞地球運行的</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">軌道的平面</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">, </span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-hansi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">與地球的赤道平行</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">, </span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-hansi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">傾斜約</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">5</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-hansi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">度</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: DengXian; mso-fareast-language: ZH;">, </span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: DengXian; mso-ascii-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-hansi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">亦即是在</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">每個月中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">, <span lang="ZH-TW">當月球環繞地球一次</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">約有一半時間是偏在北半球</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">而另一半時間則偏在南半球。若當月球距離地球最遠時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">剛好又偏在南半球</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">身處北半球的我們</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">就會看到最小的月亮</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">而當月球距離地球最近時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">剛好又偏在北半球</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">我們就會看到最大的月亮。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">綜合上述的幾點</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">月球在運行中會離地球時遠時近</span>, </span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">最近時</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,
<span lang="ZH-HK">是</span>356,375<span lang="ZH-HK">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-HK">而最遠時則是</span>406,720<span lang="ZH-HK">公里。令</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">我們看到的月亮就</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">會是「時大時細」</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">但「月有陰晴圓缺」</span>,</span>
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">我們只能在月圓時</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">, <span lang="ZH-TW">才能最清楚看到月亮</span>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW">否則即使月球距離地球最近</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">碰巧是農曆三十或初一</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">也看不到月亮。</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">可幸的是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">, <span lang="ZH-TW">今晚的月亮離我們最近</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">剛好又是在月圓之夜</span></span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">比可能看到最大的月亮</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">只相差</span>0.23%<span lang="ZH-TW">。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">其實在</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;">2016<span lang="ZH-TW">年</span>11<span lang="ZH-TW">月</span>14<span lang="ZH-TW">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">曾出現過一次「超級月亮」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">那時月球離地球是</span>356,512<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">比今晚可以見到的還要大</span>0.22%<span lang="ZH-TW">。</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;"><span lang="ZH-TW"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">大家如果錯過了今晚的機會</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS",sans-serif; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">, <span lang="ZH-HK">下一次就要等到</span>2034<span lang="ZH-HK">年</span>11<span lang="ZH-HK">月</span>25<span lang="ZH-HK">日的十月十五了</span>,
<span lang="ZH-HK">到時月球</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">距離地球會更為接近</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei";">,
<span lang="ZH-TW">約為</span>356500<span lang="ZH-TW">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">應該是更「超級」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">比最大可能的月亮</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">只相差</span>0.07%<span lang="ZH-TW">而已</span>! <span lang="ZH-TW">但是世事難料</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW">還是活在當下</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW">好好掌握目前吧</span>!</span><br />
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-39502339896697523492019-01-16T14:14:00.004+08:002019-01-16T14:14:50.673+08:00行多少才夠健康
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">這幾天從不同的群組中收到兩個矛盾的消息。一位多年朋友</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">已退休</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">上星期被醫生強制訂立「新年計劃」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是每天都要運動。另一則是</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在「八大長壽習慣」中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">運動竟然是排行最尾</span>!?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">朋友是專業人仕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在職場生涯的初階時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因工作需要</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還得經常到戶外走走</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但隨著經驗增加</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">工作環境漸轉為全在室內</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">雖然間中亦需外出</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都只是開會或應酬。他素來是識飲識食又識歎</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">卻不喜歡運動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當年我們這班年青小伙子還未聽過甚麼是「三高」時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他已是「三高」齊全</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需長期靠服食藥物來控制</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">上星期作了例行身體檢驗</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">醫生直言他必須為健康而做點事。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">他被醫生強制運動</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即時的問題是要做甚麼運動、多少運動量和運動強度</span>?
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對於一個平常不做運動的人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">醫生的建議就是步行。但接著的問題是要行多快、行多遠、行多少時間</span>?
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">醫生給他的答案很簡單</span>: <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因應能力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">能做到多少就做多少</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">循序漸進。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">群組中的朋友們則各抒己見</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最多人提及的就是「每日一萬步」和</span>Active
10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">。前者只是一個超過半世紀前的商業產品宣傳口號</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">沒有甚麼科學根據</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對於一個素來不做運動的人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這簡直是要他的命</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">後者卻是比較實際的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Active
10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是以急步行走</span>10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所謂急步</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是比個人正常的行走速度要快</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但要感覺到氣喘、心跳加速、微微出汗方算及格。但也是因人而異</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以那位朋友為例</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他在上星期最初開始時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">沒有能力走得多快</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更走不了</span>10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘就需要休息了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">老實說</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">真的要做到連續急步行走</span>10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實也不容易。一般人在街上行走</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">視乎身裁</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步幅平均是</span>0.6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>0.7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">少有會在</span>0.8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米以上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步速約為每分鐘</span>80<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>100<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就算那些「急急腳」的人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也只</span>110 <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>115<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步而已</span>,<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">。要知道自己的步行速度</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要知道步速和步幅</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">行走速度</span> =<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步速 </span>x <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步幅。最好的方法是到球場的跑道上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">連續行走</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">圈</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每圈</span>400<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">同時紀錄低步數和時間</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">平均值就是步速和步幅了。不可以只計算</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘所走的步數、或走</span>100<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米得出的步幅</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為會有太「刻意」的效應</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不自然的在短時間內走得很快、或短距離中走得很大步</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">數字往往徧高。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在多年前</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">與朋友多次參加「百萬行」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當年的交通沒有現時的繁忙</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">路線往往有</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">公里甚至以上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">沿途有路標顯示路程</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">我與朋友每每都做出全程平均時速</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">公里</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以個人的步幅為</span>0.75<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米計算</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即以平均步速每分鐘</span>130<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>135<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步連續走了</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時以上。如今步幅沒有多大變化</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">前幾天在一步行徑上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">連續</span>26<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘走了</span>3220<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即平均步速是</span>120<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>125<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">比</span>30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">多年前打了個</span>93<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">折</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還不算太壞吧</span>!</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">至於運動在「八大長壽習慣」中的排行位置</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">應不太重要</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">起碼做運動比不做好。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-49069672099940610142018-10-26T18:13:00.000+08:002018-10-26T18:13:00.917+08:00為何輪子能省力
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">有朋友</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在拙文</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">留言</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">: </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">「</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">個仔唔明點解用轆可以慳力</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">只知轆住行好過抬</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">」</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">意思是「兒子不明白為何用輪子能省力」。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不知道朋友的兒子年齡有多大</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但現時在香港、以至世界各國都在強調</span>STEM<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">教育的重要性</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很高興見到有年青人對科學有興趣。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">人類</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">很多發明</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">其實都是模仿大自然</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">的生物</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地上的、水中的、空中的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">例子太多了。生物經過漫長的進化過程</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">身體結構、運動方式應已達到最優化、最有效率</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人類通過觀察大自然</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">模仿、學習</span>, <span style="margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">省卻了不少在研發上的彎路。奇怪的是</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在生物界中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">似乎沒有使用類似輪子的運動方式</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">看來輪子是人類的偉大發明。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">輪子</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">是由</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">何人、</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">何時、</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">何地</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">最先發明</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">這裡</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">無意深究</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">只</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">想</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">談</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">談基本</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">原理。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現以三種原始方法</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">來搬動一件放在一塊木板上的物體</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">總質量為</span>M, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">搬動距離為</span>D, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">比較所需要花的能量。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">第一</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以人手將木板連整件物體抬起</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要花的能量</span> = M x D<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">第二</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">將木板在地面上滑動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在前面拉或在後面推</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在此不考慮分力的影響</span>), <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要花的能量是用來抵消木板與地面的摩擦力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">現假定摩擦系數是</span>0.5, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">總需要花的能量</span> = 0.5 x M x D, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">已經好過抬著走。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">第三</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">為木板加上四個輪子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">造成最原始的「車」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">為了只作比較</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不考慮「車」的構件的重量。基本構件是將木板和貨物的重量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">通過輪子中心的圓孔中的圓軸</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">傳到輪子上。當「車」移動時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">輪子轉動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而圓軸卻是固定的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">圓軸與輪子中心的圓孔之間</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">出現摩擦力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要花的能量是用來抵消這摩擦力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秘密就在這裡。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現假定輪子中心的圓孔的直徑</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是輪子的直徑的十份之一</span>(0.1), <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當輪子轉動了一圈時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">圓孔也轉動了一圈</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">作用在圓軸與圓孔之間的摩擦力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">實際運行的距離</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是圓孔的一圈</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦即是「車」所走的距離的十份之一</span>(0.1)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">而已。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">為了方便比較</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">現假定圓軸與圓孔之間的摩擦系數亦是</span>0.5, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所需要花的能量</span> = 0.1 x
0.5 x M x D <span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>=0.05 M x D, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是第一方法的</span>0.05, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即二十份之一</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦是第二方法的</span>0.1,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即十份之一而已</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很明顯用輪子可以省力得多了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">從表面上可以看到</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">輪子中心的圓孔中的直徑越小</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">摩擦力的實際運行距離就越短</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要花的能量就越少</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另一方法</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是減低圓軸與圓孔之間的摩擦力</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">例如加潤滑油等。在現代的設計</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">圓軸與圓孔之間不會有直接接觸</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而是通過軸承</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">來大大減低摩擦力和損耗。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-30389296132935168912018-10-11T05:33:00.005+08:002018-10-11T05:33:57.426+08:00可否信任機械人?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">警方的數字顯示</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在過去的一年中</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「</span></span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">網上情緣騙案</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">」</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">飆升</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不單是宗數</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所涉及的金額也大幅增加。九月頭的一宗騙案</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">持續時間之長、匯款次數之多、涉及金額之大</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令人難以置信。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">「網上」當然也可以很真實</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但不竟是一個虛擬世界</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很多時在「網上」交流互動的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了不一定是真正身份外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更可能不是真人。現時很多提供服務的網站</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會有</span>Livechat , <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用家在遇到使用上的問題時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可以在有關的</span>Pop-up Window <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">與網站的支援服務作即時的文字對話。以現時的資訊科技</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">從</span>Livechat<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中得到的答案</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很多時是來自該網站相關的</span>FAQ(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">常遇問題</span>)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實背後只是機器在為你提供答案</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但當問題比較刁鑽時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">機器應付不來</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">才會由真人出手</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">整個過程</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用戶不會知道、亦不需要知道背後的究竟是機器還是人。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">以上的例子</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在五至十年前</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可能會說成是「電腦」在為你提供答案</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但現時最流行的說法</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會是</span>AI(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人工智能</span>) <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在為你提供答案</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不過簡單來說</span>, AI <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦是在電腦上運行的程式</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是機器。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">矛盾的是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">網站會以機器為用戶提供服務</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但卻不想用戶是機器</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">網站會通過一連串的驗證程序</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以證明即時的用戶是真正的一個人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而不是機器</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不是以電腦程式來登入網站</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最常見的例子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是要在網頁留言、或購買門票等。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">以現時發現蓬勃的「網上商業」</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">交易雙方彼此間都需要有足夠的互信</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">交易才可成功</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">雙方都需要知道對方是真實的、可靠的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但一些所謂提供「資訊」的網站</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">則完全可以「自說自話」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">信不信則由用家自行決定。現時因為手機可以上網</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不論事無大小</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都可以用搜索引擎搜索一下。據搜索引擎的顯示</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">通常是在不到一秒之內</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">尋找到成千上萬計有關答案資訊的網站</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「吾生也有涯」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">面對長長的網站清單</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">絕大部份的人都只會最多看看最前面的一、二十個而已</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實也只是最前面的一、二十個是比較貼題而已</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">之後的有些可以完全無關。不過</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相信日後通過應用</span>AI, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因應用戶的需要</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">搜索結果可以會更精準、更貼題。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">AI<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是電腦軟件</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如用來操作人形的硬件</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是機械人</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">現是已有不少能與人類互動的機械人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">提供各種服務</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如答複詢問、引領指示、及至為年幼小孩子提供娛樂、教育等</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">據說效果很好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很受小孩子歡迎。那麼人類可以信任機械人嗎</span>?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">那是一個很大的命題</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為</span>AI<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">、機械人還有極大的發展空間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">將來的結果可能是現時難以想象的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">如不認真的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">我們可以看看科幻電影中</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在機械人與人類互動中的設計要求。在</span>2004<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年一部以機械人為主角的電影</span>I,
Robot(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">香港譯作「智能叛變」</span>), <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一開場就列出了影片中的機械人的運作「基本法」</span>:
(1)<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不可傷害人類</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦不能讓人類受到傷害</span>; (2)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">服從人類的指示</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但不能違反第</span>(1)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">條</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">; (3)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">保護自身安全</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但不能違反第</span>(1)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU",serif; margin: 0px;">及</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">第</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(2)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">條。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU",serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU",serif; margin: 0px;">在</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1987</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU",serif; margin: 0px;">年的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Robocop(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">香港譯作「鐵甲威龍」</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也有類似的情節</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">機械警察不能對其主人執法</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">直至聽到</span>You are
fired!</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-3620066320033985052018-10-05T05:46:00.001+08:002018-10-05T05:46:51.727+08:00輪子的矛盾
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一個音樂活動之後</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一起收拾現場</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在處理一個大鼓時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一位成員對大鼓的支架的四隻腳中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只有兩隻有輪子而感到奇怪。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一般都會認為</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">四個輪子會比兩個的好</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如果四隻腳都有輪子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">搬動時會比較容易</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但在打擊時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">卻因為震動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或擺放的地方不平</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有可能會出現大鼓「四圍走」的現象。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">就如現時大家所用的行李篋</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是四隻腳都有輪子的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">甚至是每隻腳有兩個輪子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而連接腳與輪子軸承的支柱</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更可以作</span>360<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度轉動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即使全篋的行李有二、三十公斤重</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也可以利用其伸縮手柄</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很輕鬆的推著向任何一個方向走</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就算是在人多擠迫的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦可以很靈活的行走自如。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">但是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">事物總有兩面</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在不平坦或粗糙的地面</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那些行李篋就不太活動自如了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在傾斜的路面、或上落斜坡時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">想要以其伸縮手柄</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">「</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "MingLiU-ExtB",serif; margin: 0px;">𤄙</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">灑」地推著走</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就顯得更困難</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">唯有回復傳統智慧</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以兩個輪子著地拉著走好了。還有的是</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">傾斜的地方想要停下來</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">手也不能離開其伸縮手柄。見過不少類似的</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">尷尬</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">場面</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">: <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一隻手拿著手機在看</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另一隻手推著或拉著行李篋在傾斜的路面上走</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">突然停下來想用另一隻手在手機上做點事</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">手一離開手柄</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">本來不太活動自如的行李篋</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那時卻能</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">「</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "MingLiU-ExtB",serif; margin: 0px;">𤄙</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">灑」地如「水向低流」般的自動溜走。還有的是在交通工具上</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當加速、減速、或轉彎時</span>, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">行李篋都會自動「四圍走」。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">四隻腳都有輪子的行李篋</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實不是新事物。記得約在四十多年前</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有一個名</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">牌</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">行李篋的廣告</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一開始就出現一連串在各種不同的場合中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">行李篋自動</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">溜走的</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">尷尬</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">場面</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">之後的內容</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是強調他們的行李篋「只有兩個轆</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">輪</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">提起手柄拉著就走</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">放下手柄停下來</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就乖乖的留在身邊</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不會自動</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">溜走。四個輪子還是兩個輪子的好</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還是見人見智。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">輪子的發明</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">然後造成車</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">方便運輸、交通</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對文明和經濟影響深遠。輪子只要造得夠圓、</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">軸心準備安裝在</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">圓心上</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">車在前進時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會保持在一個水平上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就不用浪費動力在提升車上的重量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">坐在車上的人也感覺平穩</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">否則就如在一些搞笑的卡通片中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">車輪是橢圓形的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在二千多年前</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">造車用的輪子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是從一整塊木</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">由工匠憑經驗以簡單的工具</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">啄</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">成</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是否</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">造得夠圓、輪子的大小是否統一</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">全都視乎各個工匠的個人技術和經驗</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即使是父親想傳授造車輪的技術給兒子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也只能靠兒子自己去心領神會</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">父親不能言傳。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-HK" style="color: #545454; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-HK" style="color: #545454; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">《莊子.<wbr></wbr>天道》篇中的《</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">輪扁斵輪</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-HK" style="color: #545454; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">》</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-HK" style="color: #545454; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">就是講述這個故事。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-3655661611978833742018-08-22T20:56:00.002+08:002018-08-22T20:56:49.671+08:00日全蝕並不罕有, 只是「罕見」
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">朋友傳來一份旅遊廣告</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">主題內容頗特別</span>:
2020<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>12<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月去南美洲觀看日全蝕。他的一位朋友在</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月時曾特地去杜拜觀看月全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">表示有意參加該行程</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他亦有意隨行。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">日蝕和月蝕其實都並不罕有</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">平均一年各有兩次以上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">惟比較有觀賞價值的是日全蝕和月全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">平均每</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年各有</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月全蝕的整個過程約</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">、</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">個小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在地球廣泛地區都可以看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且在同一地點也能看到整個過程</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為一定是在月圓之夜出現</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可以浪漫從容地觀賞。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">相對來說</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">雖然日全蝕的整個過程也有</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">、</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">個小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但是月球的陰影卻是飛快地橫越地球表面幾千公里</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還只可以在極有限的狹窄地帶中才能看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">時間很短</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">通常都在</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘以下</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一閃即過</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">加上太陽的強烈光線和熱力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">必須要有充份的準備才可觀看</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當然還需要天氣晴朗</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以日全蝕是「罕見」的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不要說得太遠</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">直到</span>2038<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年的未來</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日全蝕、</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日環蝕和</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日徧蝕</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日全蝕和</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日環蝕的過程</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可以在陸地上的大城市看得到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其他的大都在海洋</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或荒蕪人煙的地方掠過。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">以上述廣告中的日全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">看得到的地方是南美洲的智利和阿根廷的南端</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也屬荒蕪人煙的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會在當地時間</span>2020<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>12<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>14<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日的正午時分左右出現</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時約</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">若要在大城市比較理想的環境中觀看日全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">未來的</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年中還有幾個選擇。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2019<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在南美洲阿根廷的布宜諾斯艾利斯的南部</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時約</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2024<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在北美洲加拿大的蒙特利爾</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時約</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>28<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">特別一提的是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2027<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在歐洲南部的西班牙的南端的直布羅陀</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時罕有的長</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>29<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒。到時正值北半球的暑假</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相信不少人會到該處渡假並觀看日全蝕。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">跟著的一年的機會也不錯</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, 2028<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>22<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日全蝕橫越整個澳洲</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最後經過雪梨市的上空</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時約</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>19<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也是少有的長時間。因為也是北半球的暑假</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相信亦會有不少人去觀看的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2035<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>9<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日清晨</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日全蝕從中國的新疆西部開始</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">橫越整個中國</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在上午</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">時</span>32<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分到達北京上空</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時約</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>37<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒</span>,
9<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">到達朝鮮的平壤上空</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時約</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>50<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2037<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>13<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也是北半球的暑假</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日全蝕再次橫越整個澳洲</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最後經過黃金海岸的上空</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維時也頗長</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">約</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年已是個長時間了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不用計劃得太遠。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-20111675402268345402018-08-10T01:19:00.002+08:002018-08-10T01:19:55.773+08:00日蝕、月蝕倆相隨(二)
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">前篇提到</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日蝕和月蝕都不是罕有</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每年平均有超過兩次日蝕和兩次月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只差能否在當時看得到。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">日蝕和月蝕一定是相伴相隨的出現</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是為一個「蝕季」。每年最少有兩個蝕季</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有時會有三個</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以每年最少有</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕。有時在一個蝕季中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次月蝕、或</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次月蝕和</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕伴隨在一起</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那個蝕季就有</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以至在一年中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有可能有</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次或</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最多的有可能是</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在本世紀</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>-2099<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">100<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年內</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日蝕和月蝕的次數大致相約</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中的</span>57<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年中有</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, 30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年中有</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, 11<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年中有</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只有</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年會有</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次。今年</span>2018<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年有</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最近有</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是在不遠的</span>2020<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而最近有</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">要到</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年後的</span>2038<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">到時會有四次月蝕和三次日蝕。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">有趣的是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有些年中有</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">並不是因為有兩個蝕季的</span>2+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, 5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也不一定是</span>2+3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或</span>3+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次所造成</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更有趣的是</span>,
6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">完全沒有是</span>2+2+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的組合。這些似乎都是與直覺想法有出入的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而只有</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是因為</span>2+3+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的「效應」。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">本世紀中有</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年是有</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中約三分之二</span>,
19<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是</span>2+3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次或</span>3+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的組合</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其餘的</span>11<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年是</span>1+2+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次或</span>2+2+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">完全沒有</span>1+3+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">的出現。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">大家會覺得奇怪</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">既然在一個蝕季中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日蝕和月蝕是相伴相隨的出現</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">為何會有</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的</span>? <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很簡單</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如果一個蝕季橫跨兩年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就會有「單丁」的現象</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一定是在前一年的十二月和下一年的一月。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">就是因為橫跨兩年的蝕季</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令到</span>57<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年有</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕其中的一年</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">打破</span>2+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的規律</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而是</span>1+2+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那是</span>2010<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不只如此</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他與前後的一年是一個很有趣的組合</span>: 2009<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(2+3+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>), 2010<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(1+2+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>),
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">和</span>2011<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(1+3+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">。本世紀只有</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">11<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年有</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">竟然都出現在</span>2010<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年之前一年和後一年</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且都與</span>2010<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年共享一個蝕季。這個有趣組合在本世紀中只有這一個</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">下一個的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是 </span>2130<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(2+2+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>), 2131<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(1+2+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>),
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">和</span>2132<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(1+3+3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>),
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">雖不是</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>+4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>+6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的組合</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">卻遇上下世紀第一個有</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕之年的</span>2132<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">本世紀有</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">11<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年有</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">完全沒有是</span>2+2+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的組合</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年是</span>2+3+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另外</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年是</span>1+3+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只有</span>2096<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年是</span>3+3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即一年中的兩個蝕季都有</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是很罕有。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">以上提到的有趣組合</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不是已成過去</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是在太遠之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不過</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">明年</span>2019<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有</span>2+2+1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而跟著的一年</span>2020<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕和月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是</span>1+3+2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">兩年也共享一個蝕季呢</span>!</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-85233197504803755932018-08-05T02:49:00.001+08:002018-08-05T02:49:27.413+08:00日蝕、月蝕倆相隨(一)
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">上星期的月全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為是本世紀歷時最長的一次</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在多個國家和地區都受到廣泛的關注。據聞香港有位朋友的朋友</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">特意去了中東的杜拜</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">為的是要在理想的地點和環境下</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">觀看整個月全蝕的過程。雖然只有中東、東歐和</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">非</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">洲的東部能見到整過程</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">歐亞大陸的大部份地區</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">包括香港</span>)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">、澳洲和整個</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">非</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">洲都能見到</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月全蝕的部份</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只有北美洲是完全看不到。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月蝕和日蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是當月球、地球和太陽在一直線上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月蝕一定出現在月圓之夜</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即農曆的十五晚上和十六的凌晨</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而日蝕一定出現在新月的白天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即農曆的初一。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">除了月蝕不是罕有的天文現象</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日蝕也不是罕有的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每一次月蝕之前後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">必然有一次日蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而日蝕之前後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也必然有一次月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">兩者相伴相隨</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是為一個「蝕季」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有些時候</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一個蝕季會有連續兩個在初一的日蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中間一個在十五的月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或連續兩個在十五的月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中間一個初一的日蝕。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">以上星期六</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>28<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">農曆六月十六的月全蝕之前和後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都有一次日徧蝕</span>,
8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>11<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日星期六</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">農曆七月初一</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有一次日徧蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而在之前的</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>13<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">農曆六月初一</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">已有一次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只因為是出現在南極上空</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">實在是渺無人煙</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不太可能見到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而下星期六的日徧蝕</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">則在北極圈附近</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也是渺無人煙的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不過</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">整個俄羅斯、歐洲的北部和中國的北部</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也可見到部份的日蝕過程。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月蝕是地球在月球和太陽之間</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">遮擋著太陽的光線</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">本世紀</span>(2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>-2099<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有</span>223<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次月蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即平均一年有超過</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中月全蝕有</span>85<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即一年多一點就有一次。因為地球的直徑是月球的</span>3.7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">倍</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">造成的陰影比月球大</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球需要較長的時間才能完全經過</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以地球上大部份的地方都能看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只差當時的天氣情況是否理想。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">反過來日蝕是月球在地球和太陽之間</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">遮擋著太陽的光線。相對於月蝕</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日蝕好像是罕有得多</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">特別是日全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每次都引起世界廣泛關注。其實本世紀會有</span>225<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次日蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">比月蝕還多</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中日全蝕有</span>74<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即平均</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">個月會有一次</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但就是因為月球比地球小得多</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在地球上造成的陰影的範圍很小</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只有在那狹窄的帶狀範圍中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">才會真正看到日全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其餘的地方只會見到是日徧蝕而已</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且很多時那帶狀範圍</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是落在茫茫大海洋上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或在渺無人煙的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">加上太陽的強烈光線和熱力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">必須要有充份的準備才可觀看</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不如觀看月蝕般從容和浪漫</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">才令人覺得日蝕很罕有。如去年</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>21<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日全蝕的路線橫過北美洲的上空</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">被廣泛報導。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2020<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>21<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當日是夏至</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有日環蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">路線會經常中國福建省厦門市的上空</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是極佳的觀看機會。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-59716365654683891182018-07-27T23:59:00.002+08:002018-07-28T10:42:10.649+08:00為何月全蝕時間有長短?<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">今早從一位朋友處得知</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">有位朋友真的已出發去了杜拜</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">希望能看到本世紀最長的月全蝕的整個過程。他曾表示</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">知道月全蝕並不是太罕有的天文現象</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">但卻幾十年來從沒有親眼見過一次</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">而且今次是本世紀最長的月全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">反正自己已退休</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">就做自己想做的事吧。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">不錯</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">月全蝕並不是太罕有</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">本世紀一共會有</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">85</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">次</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">即平均一年多一點就會有一次</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">問題就是</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">排除了因為天氣的情況之外</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">並不是每一次在地球上每一處都可以看得到</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">就如今次</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">能看到月全蝕的整個過程</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">只是在中東、東歐、和</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">非洲的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">東部而已</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在香港看不到全部。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">月全蝕的時間長短可以差別很大</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">今次的月全蝕的時間</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">是本世紀最長的</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">會歷時</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">1</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">小時</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">42</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">57</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">秒</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">而最短的</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">是三年多前的</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">2015</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">年</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">日</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">歷時只有</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">43</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">秒</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">差不多是稍瞬即逝。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">雖然月全蝕的最基本條件</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">是太陽、地球、和月球成一直線</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">月球完全被地球遮蔽</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">不能反射太陽的光線</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">但造成在時間上如此巨大的差別</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">是因為太陽、地球、和月球在空間的相對位置的千變萬化。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">簡單來說</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球環繞太陽運行的軌跡是一個徧心</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">橢圓</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">形</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球在每年的</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日離太陽最近</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而在每年的</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日離太陽最遠</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">兩者相差達</span>5,000,000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">公里。當地球離太陽較近時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">遮蔽太陽而造成背後的陰影會較短</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">相反</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">當地球離太陽較遠時</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">背後的陰影會較</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">長。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">另外</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球環繞地球運行的軌跡也相類似</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">離地球最近和最遠的距離相差</span>13%, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當距離地球較近時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球在地球上看來會較大</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相反當距離地球較遠時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">則看來會較小。所以不難想像</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">較小的月球通過較長的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">陰影</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">時間需要較</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">長</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">較大的月球通過較短的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">陰影</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">時間會較短了。所以較長的月全蝕時間</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">都是當地球距離太陽較遠的時候</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">即在</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu"; margin: 0px;">日前後。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">本世界有</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">月全蝕的時間超過</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">100</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">分鐘的</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">, 2011</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">年</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">5</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">日的</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">100.2</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">, 2018</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">年</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">28</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">日的</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">103.0</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">, 2029</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">年</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">26</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">日的</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">101.9</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">,
2047</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">年</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">7</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">日的</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">100.8</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">和</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">2074</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">年</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">月</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">17</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">日的</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">100.2</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">分鐘</span><span style="font-family: calibri;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">越接近</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日的日子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">時間則越長。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">其實</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月全蝕的時間最長可以長達</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>47<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">接近這紀錄者是在</span>2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日的 </span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>46<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">秒</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即</span>106.4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可惜我們已錯過了那觀看的機會</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更可惜的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是下一次能在香港見到如此長時間的月全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">要到</span>123<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年後的</span>2141<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>9<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日了</span>!</span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<br /></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-37554619700624912832018-07-22T23:07:00.002+08:002018-07-22T23:07:44.967+08:00想要「舉頭望月蝕」?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">有朋友在前一篇拙文中留言</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">: “</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">那裡可以看到全個月蝕過程</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">?</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> ”</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在七月</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">二十八日</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">星期六</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只要是天氣良好</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在香港是能夠看到月全蝕從開始到結束的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但若要看到從月球進入地球半影、到離開半影的整個過程</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">則要到香港以外的地方去了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這包括中東、東歐、和</span></span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">非洲的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">東部</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而在此間中</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最佳位置是在東經</span>56<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度的地方。從地圖上去找</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最接近而又大部份人都會熟悉的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是在東經</span>55.3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度的</span></span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">杜拜了。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在杜拜觀看此次月全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">最大的優勢是地勢和天氣。離杜拜約一個小時左右的車程</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">是一望無際的沙漠</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">沒有城市燈光</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">從月亮由東邊的地平線升起</span>,
<span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">到落在西邊的地平線</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">都可以看得到。沙漠的晚上</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">天空沒有雲</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">一定能見到月亮</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">加上天氣亁燥</span>,
<span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">空氣更亁淨透明</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">可以更清楚看到月亮。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">如果在杜拜觀看此次月全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">全個過程會是由當地時間</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">七月二十七日晚上九時十四分開始</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">到七月二十八日凌晨三時二十八分結束</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">月全蝕則由七月二十七日晚上十一時三十分</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">至七月二十八日凌晨一時十三分</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">正值是月過中天</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">與地面夾角最大的時候</span>,
<span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">稍為抬頭</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">就能觀賞到。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">還有一個好處</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">月蝕當晚的日落時間是黃昏七時零六分</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">第二天的日出時間是五時四十三分</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">整個月蝕過程</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">天色都會很黑</span>,
<span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">更有利觀賞。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">如真的有興趣對外地觀看此次月全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">還有幾天可作</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">準備</span>呢。</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-53647744895712068812018-07-19T18:53:00.003+08:002018-07-20T03:02:05.256+08:00本世紀最長時間的月全蝕<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">下星期六</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">七月二十八日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">農曆六月十六的凌晨</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會出現本世紀最長時間的月全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">將會歷時</span>103<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">各位朋友如住所可以望到西南方而沒有遮擋</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就有機會能看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但當然還有一個重要的先決條件 就是天色良好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">天際邊沒有雲。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">是次月全蝕的整個過程</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">歷時</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>14<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但在香港所能看到的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只是前面的大半</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">約</span>4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>46<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在七月二十八日凌晨</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">01:14, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球開始進入地球的半影</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亮度漸漸變暗</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">到</span>02:24, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球進入地球的本影</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">開始出現月</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">偏食</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">能見到的月球部份</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">漸漸減少</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>03:30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">完全進入</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">地球的本影</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月全蝕開始。經過</span>103<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘之後的</span>05:13, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月全蝕結束</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球開始離開地球的本影</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">出現另一次月</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">偏食</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">應該要到</span>06:19, </span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月球再進入地球的半影</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">亮度漸漸增加</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">直到</span>07:28,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">整個月全蝕過程才完全結束。可惜的是</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當日的日出是在</span>05:53,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">太陽的強光會影響觀看月蝕的效果</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而更可惜的是</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當日月落時間是在</span>06:00, <span style="margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月球落入地平線</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即使是天氣良好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">餘下的月蝕過程</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都不能看到了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">要觀看此月全蝕</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最理想的地點</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是港島南部或西部</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或在離島</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">能望到西南方天空和地平線的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為當月全蝕開始時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月亮已落到與地平面夾角</span>28<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而月全蝕結束時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更落到</span>9<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>!</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月蝕其實並不是很罕有的天文現象</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在本世紀會有</span>228<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">平均每年有</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次以上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但歷時超過</span>100<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘的月全蝕</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只有</span>5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">次</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">錯過了下星期的一次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">要等到</span>2029<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">屆時是本世紀第二長時間的月全蝕</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會歷時</span>101.9<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘呢</span>!</span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-24415528780885413672018-07-17T14:49:00.002+08:002018-07-17T14:49:40.175+08:00電子房咭問題多
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不久前到北海道走了一趟</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">發覺一個有趣現象</span>:
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">無論是在大城市中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或是在鄉間小鎮裡</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所住的酒店的房門</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是用最傳統的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">鑰匙作開關</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而不是電子房咭。印象中日本的科技先進</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而電子房咭也普遍使用了四十年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對此現象有點驚訝</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但也覺得有其好處</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最少不會遇上電子房咭「唔生性」時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在房間與服務台之間跑來跑去的麻煩。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在過去曾入住過的多間酒店</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所用的電子房咭</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">真是五花八門</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分別最大的是在所用的讀咭器上。首先是安裝的位置</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最「正路」的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當然是裝在正常門鎖的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但有些卻是裝在門框上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有些甚至是裝在門邊的牆上。有不少酒店的設計和佈局很獨特</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">住客需要上高落低、左轉右拐</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在普遍燈光昏暗的走廊中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">能找到自己的房間已是不容易</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">之後還要多花一番功夫才能找到那讀咭器</span>!</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">讀咭器如何「讀」那張房咭</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也是千變萬化。最容易的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當然就是如在香港用的「八達通」一樣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「拍」一下咭就可以</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但用此等設備者</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只是極少數</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">大部份的仍然是在使用「刷咭」式的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這又可分為兩類</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「拉咭」和「插咭」。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">「拉咭」式的是在讀咭器的上方或右邊有一條讀咭槽</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用法是將房咭在讀咭槽裡「拉」過</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如房咭的資料正確</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">門鑰打開</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">客人可以推開門進房。問題是</span>: <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這種房咭通常有一條磁帶</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用以記錄房咭的資料</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而讀咭的磁頭只在讀咭槽的某一邊</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">磁帶的一面要面對磁頭的一邊</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">才能讀到資料</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以在最壞的情況下</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是要將房咭上下倒轉和反轉</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">合共起碼四次才可以開門</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但有時因房咭有損壞</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">反來覆去的試完又試皆不得要領。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">通常「拉咭」式的是將咭從左向右、或從上向下拉</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這是一般人的自然做法</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但遇過一罕有例子</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是要將咭從下向上「推」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">設計者和採用者</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相信是完全不知道甚麼是「使用者友善」。又曾遇過讀咭槽是在讀咭器的上方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">緊貼其上方的是門的把手</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「拉咭」時很容易撞傷手</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相信曾有不少人「中招」。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">「插咭」式的也是差不多</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">讀咭槽是在讀咭器的正面、上方或側面</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可幸還未遇過在門框的那邊</span>),
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">將房咭插入讀咭槽</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">然後拉出即可。但問題亦如「拉咭」式的的一樣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">經常要反來覆去的試完又試。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不論「拉咭」和「插咭」的</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">開了房門之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要把房咭插在門旁的一個插座上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">房間才有電力供應</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">客人在離開房間時拿走房咭</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">電力就會中斷</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">目的是不希望浪費電力。但這部份其實是個機械性的操作</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是以房咭壓著一個電力開關而已</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以不少客人為了在離開房間後仍能保持房中的冷氣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只需用一張紙摺厚幾層</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就能代替那張房咭的功能了。不久前曾住過一間酒店</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">為了應對這種情況</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所用的「插咭」式房咭上是有一晶片的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了用來開門外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">取電插座也有一讀咭頭</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">客人必須把房咭上有晶片的一端和一面插在插座上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">才可得到電力供應。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">電子房咭還有一個保安問題</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">曾經</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">有位住單人房的團友</span><span style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">發覺可能被他人在他的房間多開通了一張</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">房咭</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為過程很容易</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只要講出房間號碼和住客名字</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">服務台的職員就照辦了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">若用最傳統的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">鑰匙</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">上述的所有問題</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">全部都不是是問題了。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-46437575772385021512018-07-12T03:39:00.002+08:002018-07-12T03:40:01.530+08:00向東飛? 向西飛?( 二)<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">前篇提到向東飛和向西飛在日子上的「賺」與「蝕」。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">朋友亦提到另一個有趣現象</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">: <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">來回兩個相隔東西的城市之間</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向東飛的時間要比向西飛時的短。有朋友馬上表示</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這可能是因為時差所造成的錯覺。其實向東飛是飛向未來的時間</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向西飛則是飛回已過去的時間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">若果真的是因為時差的錯覺</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只會是向西飛的時間比向東飛的短得多。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">「水能載舟</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也能覆舟」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">飛機能夠在空中飛行</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">全靠空氣對機翼所產生的升力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但亦同時對飛機飛行造成阻力。空氣如水一樣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是一種流體</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不會固定不動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是隨著外在環境因素而不斷的向各種方向流動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而對飛機影響最大的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是高空的氣流。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">氣流的形成很有趣。地球是不停的自西而東自轉</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地心吸力使地球帶著所有物質、物體同時自轉</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">包括在大氣層空間中的空氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會因地球的自轉而以與地面同一速度向東方流動。地球在近赤道處</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">全年受太陽照射的角度都比較大</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">受熱比較多。空氣受熱後膨脹向上升</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在高空處向溫度較低的南、北方向流體。另一方面</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球在赤道處的直徑是最大</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向南、北方向逐漸減小</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">隨著地球自轉的空氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在赤道處向東的慣性速度較快</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在南、北較高緯度處向東的慣性速度則較慢</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向南、北流動的空氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">到達南、北較高緯度時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">流動的速度比地面快</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而形成一股自西而東的氣流</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">飛機向東飛會順著這股氣流</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">飛得較快</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">反之飛向西就是逆著氣流</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">飛得較慢了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">這股氣流在南、北緯</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度附近最為明顯</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而跨越北緯</span>30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是來往亞洲與歐洲之間空中航班最繁忙的地帶</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">幾乎所有航班都會出現向東、西飛不同時間的現象。典型的例子如香港</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">北緯</span>22.3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>)</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">來回倫敦</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">北緯</span>51.3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>), <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">全程約有三分之二的時間在北緯</span>30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度附近飛行</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">兩者的時間是</span>12<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>45<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分和</span>11<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>55<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相差若</span>50<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘。另一例子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">香港</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">北緯</span>22.3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>)</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">來回杜拜</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">北緯</span>25.3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>), <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">全程都在向東氣流最強的地帶中飛行</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">兩者的時間是</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>30<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分和</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>10<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相差竟達</span>100<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分鐘</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而實際飛行時間約只是飛倫敦的三分之二而已。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">前面提過赤道的空氣向南、北流動</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實也會造成氣流</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令南、北飛的航班出現不同時間的現象</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但相對於東、西飛飛的航班數目</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只是小數而已。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">想起鄉謠歌手</span><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">John Denver <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>1966<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年所寫的</span>Leaving on a jet plane, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而不幸的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他是死於在駕駛小型飛機時發生意外。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<a href="https://youtu.be/SneCkM0bJq0"><span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://youtu.be/SneCkM0bJq0</span></span></a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歌詞如下</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">All my bags are packed<br />
I'm ready to go<br />
I'm standin' here outside your door<br />
I hate to wake you up to say goodbye<br />
But the dawn is breakin'<br />
It's early morn<br />
The taxi's waitin'<br />
He's blowin' his horn<br />
Already I'm so lonesome<br />
I could die</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">So kiss me and smile for me<br />
Tell me that you'll wait for me<br />
Hold me like you'll never let me go<br />
'Cause I'm leavin' on a jet plane<br />
Don't know when I'll be back again<br />
Oh babe, I hate to go</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">There's so many times I've let you down<br />
So many times I've played around<br />
I tell you now, they don't mean a thing<br />
Ev'ry place I go, I'll think of you<br />
Ev'ry song I sing, I'll sing for you<br />
When I come back, I'll bring your wedding ring</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">So kiss me and smile for me<br />
Tell me that you'll wait for me<br />
Hold me like you'll never let me go<br />
'Cause I'm… </span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">So kiss me and smile for me<br />
Tell me that you'll wait for me<br />
Hold me like you'll never let me go<br />
'Cause I'm leavin' on a jet plane<br />
Don't know when I'll be back again<br />
Oh babe, I hate to go</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">Now the time has come to leave you<br />
One more time<br />
Let me kiss you<br />
Then close your eyes<br />
I'll be on my way<br />
Dream about the days to come<br />
When I won't have to leave alone<br />
About the times, I won't have to say</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">Oh, kiss me and smile for me<br />
Tell me that you'll wait for me<br />
Hold me like you'll never let me go<br />
'Cause I'm leavin' on a jet plane<br />
Don't know when I'll be back again<br />
Oh babe, I hate to go</span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">But, I'm leavin' on a jet plane<br />
Don't know when I'll be back again<br />
Oh babe, I hate to go</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<br /></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-43276466609480459852018-06-08T23:07:00.000+08:002018-06-09T18:13:56.411+08:00向東飛? 向西飛?( 一)<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">最近的一次朋友聚會</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">各人互相交流在過去的幾個月中的旅遊經驗。其中一位曾參加乘飛機環遊世界的</span>package,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另幾位都有談及他們到歐、美的故事。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">朋友表示</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">環遊世界的</span>package<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">頗具彈性</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可自選多少個「站」和在那裡停留</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">價錢是根據「站」的數目和停留的時間而定</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但有一個規定</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是全程必須是完全向東飛或是向西飛</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不可以飛回頭</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">否則客人就有可能在時間上佔了便宜。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">早在</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">1873<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>,
Jules Verne <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">出版的小說</span>Around The World in Eighty Days<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中已提到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為主角</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Phileas
Fogg</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">是不斷的向東走</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">根據他的旅途日誌</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">雖然他是用了</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">80</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">天的時間繞了地球一週</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">結果卻在日子上佔了一天的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">便宜。時至現今</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">身邊的朋友雖然經常飛來飛去</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">知道這現像是與「時差」有關</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但卻不太明白如何發生。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">簡單來說</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球每天</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時自西而東的自轉一週</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即</span>360<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">平均每小時轉</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度。每天平均在早上六時會見到太陽升起</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">十二小時之後的黃昏六時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會見到太陽落下</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">期間地球轉了</span>180<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦即每經過</span>180<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就會見到一次太陽升起或太陽落下。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在地球表面的一切物質、物體</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為地心吸力</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即使是靜止不動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會隨著地球一起</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每天</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時自西而東的轉一週</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">期間如果物體在移動</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都只是相對地球的表面移動而已。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現假定有一隻飛機</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">能夠連續不停的向東飛</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用兩天即</span>48<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時環繞地球一週</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即平均每小時在地球的圓週上向東跨越</span>7.5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在此一小時中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">地球亦向東轉</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以該飛機實際上是向東跨越了</span>7.5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>+15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>=22.5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現該飛機在某日的早上六時太陽升起時開始向東飛</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在跨越</span>180<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會見到第一次日落</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要的時間是</span>180<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>/22.5<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>=8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時。之後再飛</span>8<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">飛機會跨越另一個</span>180<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">見到了日出</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">誤以為是第二天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實只飛了</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在地球的圓週上只向東跨越了</span>120<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">如此類推</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">再過另一個</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">飛機會再見到了日出</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">誤以為是第三天</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">總共跨越了</span>240<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">要再過</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">才能完成總共跨越地球表面</span>360<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度的一週。可是在完成時卻第三次見到日出</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會誤以為是第四天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而飛行時間卻總共只是</span>48<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即只是過了兩天而已。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">道理就是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為地球自西而東轉</span>
, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在出發地以東的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會比出發地先見到太陽</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日出比較早</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而我們以日出來定一天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以每向東跨越</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日出的時間都會提早一小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「一天」的現象也提早了一小時出現。該飛機是向東飛行</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">跨越地球表面一週</span>360<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「一天」的現象提早了</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即「賺」了一天了。如此類推</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如果飛機相反的向西飛</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">跨越地球表面一週</span>360<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「一天」的概念就會延遲了</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即「蝕」了一天了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">為了解決這個在日子上的謬誤</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>1917<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">制定了「國際換日線」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">位置大約在東經</span>180<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度的太平洋上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">若向東跨越該線</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">把日子減一天</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相反</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向西跨越該線</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">把日子加一天。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">環遊世界的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">package, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是不讓人客利用在「國際換日線」上來回飛的機會</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每次都能賺取一天的時差。</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">1956<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「瘦皮猴」</span>Frank Sinatra <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在電影</span>Around The World in Eighty Days<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中所唱的主題曲</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://youtu.be/H8paLDd9JVg"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://youtu.be/H8paLDd9JVg</span></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歌詞如下</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Around the world I've searched for you<br />
I traveled on when hope was gone to keep a rendezvous<br />
I knew somewhere, sometime, somehow<br />
You'd look at me and I would see that smile you're smiling now<br />
It might have been in county down<br />
Or in New York, in gay Paris or even London Town<br />
No more will I go all around the world<br />
For I have found my world in you<br />
It might have been in county down<br />
Or in New York, in gay Paris or even London Town<br />
No more will I go all around the world<br />
For I have found my world in you</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-65836718062710662962018-06-04T15:45:00.002+08:002018-06-04T15:45:50.872+08:00「天眼」回來不覺「老」
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">前陣子與一班多年「老」朋友組團去貴州旅行</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中的一個亮點是參觀「天眼」。要一睹「天眼」壯觀的風采</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">必須要到其旁邊的觀景台</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">期間要走上</span>789<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">級梯級</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">約等於香港</span>50<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">層樓的高度。在觀景台的最高處</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">高度與週圍為數過百的群山相約</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一個難得的</span>360<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度壯麗全景</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">真正感受到甚麼是「群山環抱」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令人捨不得離開。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">所謂「旅行」</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">真的是需要「行」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了「天眼」的一口氣</span>789<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">級外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其餘在大部份的日子裡</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每天都需要上高落低地走不少路</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">我的個人記錄是每天</span>15000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>20000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">步</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一些嬌小的團友</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更要加多</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>20%<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">呢</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對體力的要求實在不低</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但所有團友都能做到了。在行程完結時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">旅行社的隨團領隊亦驚歎我們這批「年青人、中年人」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">居然全部都能完成整個行程。他所指的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是根據聯合國世界衛生組織</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>2015<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對年齡劃分的新標準</span>, 65<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">歲以下還算是「青年人」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">之後是「中年人」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">要到</span>80<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">歲以上才可算是「老年人」。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">自小就聽到「人生七十古來稀」</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在「年少無知」的時期</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對那些四、五十歲的前</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">輩</span>已覺得是「老」了</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可能因為當時</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">整個社會的經濟及物質條件都比較差</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">前</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">輩</span>們大都從事</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">體力勞動的工作</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">到那年紀時已飽歷風霜</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">加上沒有好的經濟條件去照顧衣著、儀容等</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也更令人顯得蒼老。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">流行樂隊</span><span style="margin: 0px;">Beatles, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在</span><span style="margin: 0px;">1967</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">年有一首作品</span><span style="margin: 0px;">When I’m Sixty-Four, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">是成員之一</span><span style="margin: 0px;">Paul McCartney</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在他十六歲那年</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">即</span><span style="margin: 0px;">1958</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">年所創作的</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">是一首描述「老」人心境的歌。在</span><span style="margin: 0px;">60</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">年前的他的眼中</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">亦可能是當時的社會「標準」</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, 64</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歲已經是「老」了。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">香港的盧冠廷</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>1986<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年亦創作了一首意境相似的歌《老年時》</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不過他那年已是</span>36<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">歲</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">比</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;">Paul McCartney</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">創作</span><span style="margin: 0px;">When I’m Sixty-Four</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">時的年齡</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">足足大了</span><span style="margin: 0px;">20</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歲</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">所以真的奇怪</span><span style="margin: 0px;">Paul McCartney</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在</span><span style="margin: 0px;">16</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歲時</span><span style="margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">思想已是如此成熟。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不論甚麼標準也好</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年齡只是一個數字而已</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人自身的心境最重要</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還得要身體健康。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px;">Paul
McCartney </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">的</span><span style="margin: 0px;">When I’m Sixty-Four : </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px;"><a href="https://youtu.be/Fg0kfd7kow4"><span style="color: blue;">https://youtu.be/Fg0kfd7kow4</span></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歌詞如下</span><span style="margin: 0px;">:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;">When I get older
losing my hair<br />
Many years from now<br />
Will you still be sending me a valentine<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-3125927"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Birthday greetings, bottle of wine?</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
If I'd been out till quarter to three<br />
Would you lock the door<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-3125968"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Will you still need me, will you still feed me<br />
When I'm sixty-four?</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
<br />
You'll be older too<br />
And if you say the word<br />
I could stay with you<br />
<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-825690"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">I could be handy mending a fuse<br />
When your lights have gone<br />
You can knit a sweater by the fireside<br />
Sunday mornings go for a ride</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-825693"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Doing the garden, digging the weeds<br />
Who could ask for more?</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
Will you still need me, will you still feed me<br />
When I'm sixty-four?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-825695"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Every summer we can rent a cottage<br />
In the Isle of Wight, if it's not too dear</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
We shall scrimp and save<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-825700"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Grandchildren on your knee<br />
Vera, Chuck, and Dave</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-1505198"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Send me a postcard, drop me a line<br />
Stating point of view</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
Indicate precisely what you mean to say<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-13107698"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Yours sincerely, wasting away</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
Give me your answer, fill in a form<br />
Mine for evermore<br />
</span><a href="https://genius.com/The-beatles-when-im-sixty-four-lyrics#note-8184599"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Will you still need me, will you still feed me<br />
When I'm sixty-four?</span></a><span lang="EN" style="margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
[Outro]<br />
Whoo!</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">盧冠廷的《老年時》</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://youtu.be/iC4moHQHH2E"><span style="color: blue;">https://youtu.be/iC4moHQHH2E</span></a></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">歌詞如下</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">老年時</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> 頭髮</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">甩晒</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> 鬚</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">亦漸漸白</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">問你會否仍然痴缠</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> 長</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">伴我身邊</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">來日老年時</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">震震吓星月下踱步</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">問你會否仍然叫我</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">honey
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">同渡每一天</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明白你今天的那肖臉</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明日變</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">化青春衝失去</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">我仍真心</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">痴痴的一</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">颗心仍照舊</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明日也許</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">搬遷上月球</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">乘坐航天飛機</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一飛衝天去</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">攜手再行</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">漫步星空每天</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">唉</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">老年</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">时</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">頭髮</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">甩晒</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">
鬚</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">亦漸漸白</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">問你會否仍然痴缠</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> 長</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">伴我身邊</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">情懷</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">未變</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">啦</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">.......<br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">啦</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">......<br />
<br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明白你今天的那肖臉</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明日變</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">化青春衝失去</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">我仍真心</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">痴痴的一</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">颗心仍照舊</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明日也許</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">搬遷上月球</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">乘坐航天飛機</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一飛衝天去</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">攜手再行</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">漫步星空每天</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">唉</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">…</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">老年</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">时</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">頭髮</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">甩晒</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">
鬚</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">亦漸漸白</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">問你會否仍然痴缠</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> 長</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">伴我身邊</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">來日老年時</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">震震吓星月下踱步</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br />
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">問你會否仍然叫我</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">honey
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">同渡每一天情懷</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">未變</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-87657897074896900222018-05-02T16:41:00.000+08:002018-05-02T16:41:06.764+08:00樹木是甚麼造成的?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #111111; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在剛過去的六、七個星期中</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">趁著春天的好天氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「密集」地去了幾個行程</span>,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在最近的一次旅行途中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">見到一棵樟樹</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">據說已超過</span>400<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">約有</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米高</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">枝葉</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">非常茂盛</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">覆蓋範圍的直徑約</span>40<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">正是樹大好乘涼</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">難得的是</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">沒有因為珍貴的樟木而早早被斬掉。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現時有紀錄世界上最高的樹</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是澳洲的一棵杏仁桉樹</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">高</span>156<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">樹幹</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">直徑約</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">4<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">米</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">長得筆直而無橫枝</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以此推算</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">整棵樹的木材約有</span>2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">立方米</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">總重量超過</span>1000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">噸</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要</span>40<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">架貨櫃車才能運送。</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">生物可以簡單分為動物與植物。很明顯的是</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">動物需要消耗一定重量、體積的食物和水來提供能量、維持生命和成長</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但植物似乎只需要有泥土讓其落地生根</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就能長出枝葉</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">甚至開花結果</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">並沒有消耗甚麼看得到的物質而成長</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">根據「物質不滅定律」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">植物是從何轉化而來的</span>? <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">佔植物最大份量的樹木的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">大量木材</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">又是從何形成的</span>?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">從<span style="margin: 0px;">微觀層面</span>來說</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一棵樹的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">木材是由</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">纖維素組成</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">纖維素則是<span style="margin: 0px;">一串葡萄糖分子連在一起</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">葡萄糖是</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">碳水化合物</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">碳水化合物的基本組成部份是碳、氫、和氧</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即一棵樹是由碳、氫、和氧組成的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">植物、樹木從空氣中吸收二氧化碳</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是碳和氧的來源</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">樹木從泥土和空氣中吸收水份</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">水是</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">氫和氧的化合物</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">是氫的來源。
</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">有了基本原料</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還需要有能量來完成組裝過程。地球上最大的能量來源</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是太陽。簡單來說</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">植物的葉綠素吸收了陽光中的能量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">通過光合作用</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">將水份子分解成</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">氫</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">份子</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">和氧</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">份子</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">釋放氧</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">份子到空氣中而</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">留住氫份子</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">同時將</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">二氧化碳份子與</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">氫</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">份子連結起來</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">造成糖、</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">澱</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">粉、和纖維素等各種碳水化合物</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是形成各種植物、樹木的骨幹部份。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">可以簡單地說</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">植物和樹木是由陽光、空氣和水份轉化而來的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">估計每年全球的植物和樹木</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">從空氣中吸取一千一佰億噸的碳</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但每秒鐘要從陽光中吸收一佰三十萬億瓦的能量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">來進行光合作用。這體驗了「物質不滅定律」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">和能量與物質的互換。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">植物和樹木雖然不消耗泥土而生長</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但也不是無中生有的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且亦從中體驗到</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">植物和樹木吸收空氣中的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">二氧化碳而將碳貯存起來</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">同時放出我們生命所需的氧氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦吸收太陽光中巨大的能量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">否則地球的溫度會更高呢</span>!</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">植物和樹木</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不但直接的為我們提供了食物和木材</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而間接地改善全球的生存環境</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對我們人類太重要了。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-35890622061908547452018-03-23T04:05:00.004+08:002018-03-23T04:05:56.632+08:00自動化對金融業的影響
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">兩件全無關連的事</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">碰巧在差不多的時間發生。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一是有朋友在上一篇拙文中留言</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">: “<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">我就是被機器取代了而被迫提早退休</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">現時亦擔心在銀行工作的兒子會被解僱。</span>”</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">另一是有位在銀行內部工作的親戚</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會在年底前退休</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但剛獲悉在未來的數月中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都不可以放假</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">原因是在新財政年度的開始</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">銀行的工作會太忙</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還需要請</span>Part-time <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">應付。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">根據香港政府從</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>2016<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年的統計資料</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在銀行工作的人數</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">從</span>2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年到</span>2003<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">沙士</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">的幾年間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每年減少約</span>2%, 2003<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年之後以</span>6%<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>9%<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">逐年回升</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>2008<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年「金融海嘯」後又連跌兩年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">再從</span>2010<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年至</span>2016<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年作六連升。經過這幾番起跌</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在銀行工作的人數</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">從</span>2000<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年時的</span>77,100<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">增加到</span>2016<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年時的</span>102,200<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在</span>16<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年間增加了</span>33%,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即約</span>1/3, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">期間除了是「沙士」和「金融海嘯」的外在因素</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">銀行業曾經歷過幾個裁員潮</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而最終卻是人數增加了</span>?</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在那十多年間</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">正是電腦科技迅速發展、自動化對各個行業無</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">孔不入的時期</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">銀行和金融業</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也如以前提過的汽車製造業一樣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一些工種減少了人手</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">甚至消失</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另一些工種卻需要增加人手</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">更有新工種出現。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">1980<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">匯豐銀行首先安裝了第一代的自動櫃員機</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">開啟了香港銀行自動化的先河</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">為了以此為爭取更多客戶</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了與恆生銀行組成聯網</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在當時新開始運行的「地下鐵」沿綫各車站</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都安裝了自動櫃員機外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">同時亦在全港各區開設大量只佔一個鋪位、裝有自動櫃員機的「迷你分行」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">藉以擴大自動櫃員機的覆蓋範圍</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最高峰時達到二百多間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其他較有實力的銀行也照樣做</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">於是被謔稱為「銀行多過米鋪」。每間「迷你分行」最少有五、六個職員</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令銀行業從業員人數增加不少。其後逐漸形成兩大自動櫃員機網絡</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一個是屬於匯豐和恆生</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另一個則由其餘的銀行聯合組成</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不再需要以自動櫃員機的覆蓋範圍來爭取更多客戶</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「迷你分行」也很快結束</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">銀行業從業員人數也相應減少。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在九十年代</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">銀行的運作已基本全面自動化</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">從業員人數也相對穩定。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2000<span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">年後的</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">銀行</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">服務趨向電腦化</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">「網上銀行」服務普及</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">除非需要提取大額現金</span>, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">很多日常的個人理財服務</span>,
<span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">客戶都可以在</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">自動櫃員機、</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">自行通過電腦上網、甚至以電話操作進行</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">減少了對分行內</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">櫃員的需要</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對</span></span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">大型銀行尤其明顯</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">分行數目因而減少</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH" style="margin: 0px;">留下的都是些大分行</span></span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">但奇怪的是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, </span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一些小型銀行反而增加了分行數目</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">傳統上的銀行服務</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">主要是所謂「零售銀行」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">以人手操作為主。當時一提到銀行工作</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">第一個想起的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是那些直接與客戶接觸的櫃員了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">此外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還有在大堂協助指引不同需要的客戶到不同服務窗口的接待員</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">及協助客戶填寫各種服務表格的代書員等。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">隨著銀行操作自動化和電腦化</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「零售銀行」的服務</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">已不再需要填寫服務表格</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不再需要代書員</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">各個櫃員都能在同一崗位上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向客戶提供分行所有的服務</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">櫃員也減少</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而設有不同的服務窗口</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">反而是因為根據客戶的戶口結餘數字而定</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">通常結餘的數字越長</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所排的隊則越短</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而數字越短</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所排的隊就越長</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也因而不需要接待員。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">櫃員減少了</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">代書員和接待員「消失」了</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">卻有新的工種產生。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">時至今日</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">銀行服務已遠超「零售銀行」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了工商借貸、樓宇按揭等之外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很多都需要「個人化」的服務</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如投資、保險、股票買賣等</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都要根據每個客戶的個別情況而「度身訂造」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一批需要具有專業知識的「理財經理」應運而生</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">向客戶介紹各種理財產品、金融產品等</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這也是</span></span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一些小型銀行反而增加了分行數目的原因</span><span lang="ZH" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">就是銀行操作自動化和電腦化</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">並不就是一了百了</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">電腦的硬件和軟件</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都需要有一批資訊科技專業人員全天候提供支援</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有了「網上銀行」之後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">又需要另一批專門應對網絡安全</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這些重要的工種</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一般客戶卻不會「感覺」得到他們的存在</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而在使用「網上銀行」時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">畫面經常都會「彈出」</span>Live Chat, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用戶如有需要</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可以用來「問」問題</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有專人會即時作答。而在此之後</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有另一批人會分折用戶在</span>Live Chat<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">的問題</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用來找出「網上銀行」所用的介面是否有改進空間。另外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還有接聽客戶電話的</span>Call
Centre, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">處理各種查詢、投訴等。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在前篇提到澳洲的那份報告中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">銀行業受「自動化」影響的比率是</span>34%,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">即約有</span>1/3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">的工種會在未來的</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年間「消失」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但根據前十多年的經驗</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會有新工種出現而提供更多的工作崗位。要能在新出現的工作崗位中佔一席、</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">想能夠面對未來的挑戰</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還是那</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">句話</span><span style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就需要靈活</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">特別是不斷學習新知識和技術的能力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不一定是局限在銀行業中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">可轉型到更有發展潛力的新行業。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-9543399691933741802018-03-04T07:06:00.001+08:002018-03-04T07:06:32.488+08:00自動化對工作有多大威脅?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">有位朋友是網購迷</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每星期平均有一、二單「柯打」。在一次聊天中</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他驚歎「柯打」的遞送之快、效率之高</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有時甚至在</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">小時內送到。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">由此而談到在國內的郵政系統</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">用「小黃人」來分發包裹</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">上百個黃色的小車</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在幾萬平方米的分發中心中縱橫行走</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">準確無誤地把包裹分發到特定區域</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">之間卻又不會發生碰撞。朋友是位退休老師</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因而擔心機械會令他的學生難找工作</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或甚至失去現有的工作。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">以現時的語言</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">上述的例子有可能被描述為「機械人取代人手工作」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">或是「人工智能取代人類工作」。現時凡是不經人手、自動會去做的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都被稱作「機械人」或「人工智能」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就如在約</span>25<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年前</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">凡是會接觸到電腦的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那管只是用作打字或文書處理</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會說成是</span>IT(<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">資訊科技</span>)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">工作。其實類似上述的例子</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只能說是「自動化」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">與「機械人」相差很遠</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">與「人工智能」就更遠了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不管那個行業</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在未來的</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會或多或少的受「自動化」的影響。在去年</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">澳洲的一家經濟顧問公司</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">發表了一份研究報告</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">顯示各個行業會受到「自動化」取代的可能性。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">研究是將澳洲各行各業的工作</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分解為</span>200<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">億個日常的工作小時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">比較現時的工作活動內容</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">和</span>15<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年後的分別</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">找出被「自動化」取代的可能性。那些用作比較的工作活動內容</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是根據美國政府的數據庫</span>O*NET<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">中所列出的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">例如服裝店員需要執貨、點貨、協助顧客等。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在那份報告中所列出</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最受「自動化」影響的行業的頭幾位</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都與建造業有關</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">達到</span>84<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>86%,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">這很令人感到意外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為大家都會覺得</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">釘板、扎鐵、落石屎等工作</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">怎可以被「自動化」</span>?</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">非</span>也</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">其實在整個</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">建造業中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了上述的工作之外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還有很多其他的工作活動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如劃圖則、計算材料數量、各種工作報表等</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都很容易「自動化」的。但如質量控制、工具和材料運輸規劃等</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就比較難「自動化」了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以即使是在同一行業中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也要視乎不同的工種而定</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那些真正需要「落手落腳」去做的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是不容易被「自動化」。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">相反地</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最不受「自動化」影響的行業的頭幾位</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是需要與人打交道</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如保險代理、地產代理、銷售代理等</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是</span>7<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">至</span>9%<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而已</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為每個人的需要都不同</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很難可以有合適的「百搭」服務。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">很明顯</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最受「自動化」影響的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是那些在工廠生產線中、</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">重複</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">性高的工作</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">典型的例子是汽車生產</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">大量的機械臂在不停的揮動</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">做著搬運、焊接等勞動強度高、危險性高的工作</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很多人都會覺得</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那些機械臂令原本的工人失去工作</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但其實</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">機械臂代替人手去做那勞動強度高、危險性高的工作</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">卻代替不了那些需要細緻、重複</span>性低的工作</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">所以研究顯示</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">機械臂反而令那些工人的工作滿足感增加</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">62%, </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">工傷率減低</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11%</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">。</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">機械</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">臂是否真的令工人數目大幅減少</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">? <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">非</span>也</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">用了</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">機械</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">臂不就是一了百了的</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">需要一批相關的機械工程人員來維修保養、更換靈件</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">亦需要一批電機工程人員</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">來確保電力系統正常供電。更重要的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是需要一批資訊科技人員</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">管理</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">機械</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">臂的電腦操作系統</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也需要一批電子技術員</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">支援線路系統等。</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">生產汽車少了工人</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">機械臂卻也需要工人去生產</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以在總體上</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一個工種減少或消失</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">另一些新工種卻會出現和增加</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不能</span></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: black; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">孤立某個行業、某個工種而擔心。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">一句話</span><span style="color: #777777; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">想能夠面對未來的挑戰</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就需要靈活</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">特別是不斷學習新知識和技術的能力。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-49109613582993463192018-02-02T19:49:00.002+08:002018-02-02T19:49:44.309+08:00寒天在家中, 越坐越覺凍
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">連續多天寒冷的天氣</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">從社交媒體中</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">收到多個「著多件衫」和「注意保暖」等溫馨提示。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在寒冷天氣中出街</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為有活動</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">能夠保持良好的血液循環</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只要穿著適當的衣服</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">問題不大。留在家中</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">情況就很不同了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">大多數人都會覺得</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在家中縱使已把所有門窗都關上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">無論坐在甚麼位置</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">仍總覺得不停的有陣陣陰風吹向自己</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在晚上睡覺時也一樣。其實某一人所感覺到的那陣陣陰風</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是很個人化的</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只特定的吹向他或她</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因為是由自己一手造成。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">當坐著靜止時</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">身體所發出的熱量</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會把緊貼身旁的空氣的溫度提升</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">變暖了的空氣會向上升</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">週圍較冷的空氣便會流過來填補真空</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就形成了那陣陣陰風。不論任何天氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人的體溫都會保持不變</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以天氣越冷</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人體與週圍的空氣的溫差就越大</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">變暖了的空氣會上升得更急速</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那陣陣陰風就越大了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">人就「越坐越凍」。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">同樣道理</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如果家中的浴室是用浴簾的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會察覺到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在冬天裡</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每當開出熱水淋浴時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">浴簾就像被不斷的吹向淋浴者</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只要熱水一停</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">浴簾也隨之而飄開。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">穿衣保暖</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是利用製造衣服的物質的隔熱效能</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">阻止身體的熱量散發到週圍的空氣中。俗語有句</span>: <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">「多層紗紙隔層風」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">意思很明顯</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">應用在穿衣上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是兩件薄好過一件厚</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">除了有更好的保暖效果外</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還能更好適應氣溫的變化</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">穿著一件厚衫</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">當氣溫升高後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有可能會出現「著就熱、唔著就凍」的</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">尷尬情況。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">傳統上作為保暖衣物的常用物質</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有皮革、羊毛、羽毛、絨</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">布、和</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">綿等</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一般都認為皮毛的保暖效果比綿質好</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實真正的效果都差不大。所謂保暖效果</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其實是隔熱效能</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">物質的傳熱能力越低</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">隔熱的效能就越高。一般來說</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">氣體比液體好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">液體又比固體好。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">在我們日常普遍接觸到的物質中</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">隔熱效能最好的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不是甚麼珍貴的物質</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而是空氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其次是紙。空氣的隔熱效能是紙的</span>2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">倍、是羊毛的</span>3<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">倍、更是皮革的</span>6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">倍。當然</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">我們不能用空氣來造衣服</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但如果所用的物質能保存多些空氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">保暖效果就會好。所以羊毛、羽絨、綿衣等</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是利用纖維中的空間中的空氣來作隔熱、保暖。只要有足夠的空間的空氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">各種物質的隔熱、保暖效能都會是一樣</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所差的是物質的重量和容量</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如羽絨最輕、最薄</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">綿衣最厚、最重</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最終也是導至價錢的差異。前面提到的兩件薄好過一件厚</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是因為有更多空氣有兩件衣服之間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以保暖效果更好。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">最令人意外的</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">相信是紙的保暖效能。記得在兒時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">社會上普遍經濟不好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">街上很多露宿者</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每當天氣轉冷時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">他們就盡量收集舊報紙</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">填塞在衣服、被鋪之間來保暖。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">那個年代的冬天</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">睡覺時所蓋的</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都是十斤八斤重的棉被</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且母親經常叮囑不要躺在棉被上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">因壓實了的棉被就不暖的了。在六十年代中期</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">出現了「尼龍被」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">賣點是「輕、軟、暖」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不怕被壓實</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">又可以水洗</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">很快就取代了棉被的地位。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現時的保暖物質</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">效能更高</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不但「輕、軟、暖」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且可以收得很小</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">方便攜帶和收藏呢。生活在現時這個年代真幸福。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-8587472862075794162018-01-24T02:49:00.002+08:002018-01-24T02:49:28.621+08:00紅蘿蔔增強視力?
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">有一個晚上</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在交通工具上聽到一名約六、七歲的小朋友與他的母親很可愛的對話</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">大意是</span>: <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">老師說吃紅蘿蔔會對眼睛好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但他已很久沒有吃紅蘿蔔了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">所以現在看不清楚窗外的東西。他的母親聽了大笑</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">說明天就買紅蘿蔔給他吃。其他乘客聽後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也笑起來。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">紅蘿蔔又稱為胡蘿蔔</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">一個「胡」字</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">顯示不是原產於中國</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是外來傳入的東西。紅蘿蔔原產自中亞</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在現時阿富汗附近的地區</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">二千多年前傳入希臘和羅馬</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在十三世紀時已傳遍中國、南亞地區和歐洲大陸</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">歐洲人曾把紅蘿蔔用作治療多種疾病的藥物。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">現代的病菌、病毒比十三世紀時的要「惡」得多</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但醫藥技術也進步得多</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">已不再需要用上紅蘿蔔來治病</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但對眼睛視力的好處</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">仍然是無容置疑</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">主要是因為紅蘿蔔與維他命</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">有關。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">維他命</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">A<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">對身體的作用</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是維持免疫系統和皮膚的健康</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">還有的是視力。但要從食物中獲得維他命</span>A,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">只能是食魚類或動物的肝臟</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">植物是不含維他命</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">的。但那些如紅蘿蔔的植物</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">含有豐富的一種化學成份胡蘿蔔素</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令植物呈紅、黃色。我們吃下那些植物後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">肝臟會把胡蘿蔔素轉化成維他命</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">血液把維他命</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">A<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">運送到眼睛的視網膜時</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會轉化成另一種化學成份視網膜醛。當光線進入眼睛</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">投射到視網膜</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">令上面的視網膜醛起變化</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">產生微弱的電流</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">傳到大腦掌管視力的部份</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">形成影像。如果沒有視網膜醛</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就形成不了影像</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也就沒有視力了。所以如果缺乏維他命</span>A, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">最終會影響視力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">特別是在晚上光線微弱時</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">視力會更差。那小朋友的話</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不是全無道理的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">不過</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">萬事都要保持適當</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">切勿過尤不及</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">維他命</span>A<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">也絕不是補品</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">太多的維他命</span>A, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不但不會令你有如鷹眼般的超人視力</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">反而會有毒性。</span></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-309208627606785164.post-80895858915314791962018-01-01T22:46:00.000+08:002018-01-01T22:46:16.978+08:00人生幾見「月當頭」
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">今天除了是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">2018<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年的第一天</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">不是甚麼重要的大日子</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">卻是農曆十一月十五日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是月圓之夜</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在今晚的午夜時份</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">十一時五十九分</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">明亮的滿月會經過中天</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">角度達</span>87.6<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是丁酉年中角度最高、最接近中天的一晚</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如果今晚仍然天色良好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在午夜時份站在空曠的地方</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">沒有太多城市燈光的地方會更好</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月亮光投射下來所造成的身影</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">會完全踏在自已的腳下。其他時間能見到的月影</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">都會有點斜斜的拉長了的。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">這種現象</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">每年只會出現一次</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">就是在農曆十一月十五日前後</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">在午夜時份左近</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是為「月當頭」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">雖然不是甚麼震撼性的天文現象</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">但一年只得一次</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且可能因為種種原因而錯過了</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">影響最大的當然是天氣</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">如密雲、下雨</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">又或是工作、參與社交活動、身體不適等</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">甚至說不定是忘記了。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">記得最初接觸到「月當頭」</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是在小學時上的音樂堂中</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">老師教唱一首歌</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">其中的一句歌詞是「月當頭能幾見」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">老師並向我們解釋甚麼是「月當頭」</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">之後的多年間</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">我見過「月當頭」不超過十次。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">今晚的天色不錯</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">應該可以看到「月當頭」</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">若大家未能看到</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">下個機會將是在今年的聖誕前夕</span>12<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>24<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">而且月亮的角度更高</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">達</span>89.2<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">時間卻要遲一點</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">是</span>1<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">時</span>20<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分</span>,
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">大家參加完</span>Party<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">回家路上</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">試試可否看到。跟著的是明年</span>2019<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">年</span>12<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月</span>13<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">日的零時</span>42<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">分</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">月亮的角度更達</span>90<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">度</span>, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">真真正正完全的「月當頭」</span>!</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">後來認識到</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, <span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">那首歌的旋律是著名的意大利民歌</span>Santa
Lucia<span lang="ZH-TW" style="margin: 0px;">。記憶中當年所唱的歌詞如下</span>:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">明媚的秋月夜</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">遠照四海無邊</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">駕一葉小艇</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">撥浪向前。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">莫負此良宵夜</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">月當頭能幾見</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">聖達露茜亞</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">,</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;">聖達露茜亞。</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; margin: 0px;">找到意大利視障男高音</span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: PMingLiU; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">Andrea Bocelli </span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">的</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: PMingLiU; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">Santa
Lucia</span></span><span style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: PMingLiU; line-height: 107%; margin: 0px;">版本。</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://youtu.be/nOXS_Giojgc"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://youtu.be/nOXS_Giojgc</span></a></span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>查楹煖http://www.blogger.com/profile/07241399198115770145noreply@blogger.com0